Postgres app volume size vs. used space

No, not from the OS’s datastructures.

You could keep an eye on Avail, making sure that it stays reasonable when a lot of transactions are in progress, etc., if you have an intuition that things might be a little worse now.

(See also the recent thread about CPU throttling and its discussion about the current inconsistency of CPU performance on the Fly.io platform.)

Postgres responsiveness can get pretty complicated, overall, but usually the filesystem metadata is not the prime suspect…