I'm having a hard time passing env variables to Dockerfile when using GitHub actions

I see what you are saying, yes I misunderstood. The args property is passed through to flyctl, so you’d need to put them in the string, like

      - name: Deploy app
        uses: superfly/flyctl-actions@1.1
        with:
          args: 
            "deploy --build-arg ABC= ${{ secrets.ABC }}

I haven’t used GH actions in a while so it might have special interpolation rules you need to adjust for. I hope that helps.